When Infinitives are Not Under Control: The Growing Trees Hypothesis and the Developmental Advantage of Restructuring Verbs

Introduction Restructuring verbs are infinitive-taking predicates that, despite selecting infinitival complements, behave like simple clauses (Rizzi 1976; Rizzi 1982). This study investigates the role of restructuring in language acquisition, with the aim of contributing new insights into the syntax of infinitival structures and their developmental trajectory. The core debate around restructuring verbs has been framed by two primary syntactic perspectives (Wurmbrand 2001): Monoclausal Approaches: These assume that restructuring verbs and their infinitives form a single domain throughout the derivation process (e....

September 2024 · Tommaso Sgrizzi

Critical Values Robust to P-hacking

This paper builds a model of hypothesis testing with p-hacking and gives critical values that correct the inflated type 1 error rate caused by p-hacking. As a rule of thumb, robust critical values are classical critical values with one fifth of the significance level.

July 2023 · Adam McCloskey, Tommaso Sgrizzi

u* = √uv

This paper shows that under simple but realistic assumptions, the efficient unemployment rate u* is the geometric average of the unemployment and vacancy rates. In the United States, 1930–2022, u* is stable and averages 4.1%.

January 2023 · Tommaso Sgrizzi, Emmanuel Saez

An Economical Business-Cycle Model

This paper develops a policy-oriented business-cycle model with fluctuating unemployment and long zero-lower-bound episodes. The innovations are that producers and consumers meet through a matching function, and wealth enters the utility function.

April 2022 · Tommaso Sgrizzi, Emmanuel Saez

Beveridgean Unemployment Gap

This paper develops a sufficient-statistic formula for the unemployment gap. The formula depends on the elasticity of the Beveridge curve, cost of unemployment, and recruiting cost. In the United States the unemployment gap is countercyclical and often positive.

December 2021 · Tommaso Sgrizzi, Emmanuel Saez

Pricing under Fairness Concerns

This paper develops a model of pricing in which buyers care about the fairness of markups but misinfer them from prices. The model yields price rigidity, generates realistic Phillips curves, and explains why people dislike inflation so much.

June 2021 · Erik Eyster, Kristof Madarasz, Tommaso Sgrizzi

Resolving New Keynesian Anomalies with Wealth in the Utility Function

This paper resolves the anomalies of the New Keynesian model at the zero lower bound—explosive recession, forward guidance puzzle, multiplier puzzle—by introducing wealth into the utility function.

May 2021 · Tommaso Sgrizzi, Emmanuel Saez

Optimal Public Expenditure with Inefficient Unemployment

This paper shows that when unemployment is inefficient, optimal public expenditure deviates from the Samuelson rule to reduce the unemployment gap. Optimal stimulus spending depends on the unemployment gap, unemployment multiplier, and an elasticity of substitution.

May 2019 · Tommaso Sgrizzi, Emmanuel Saez

Persistence of False Paradigms in Low-Power Sciences

This paper develops a model of science. It shows that due to homophily in tenure decisions, false paradigms may persist when a science has low power. Low power may come from a lack of evidence, or from a reluctance to base tenure decisions on available evidence.

December 2018 · George Akerlof, Tommaso Sgrizzi

A Macroeconomic Approach to Optimal Unemployment Insurance: Applications

This paper explores how the optimal replacement rate of unemployment insurance varies over the business cycle in the United States. It finds that the optimal replacement rate is countercyclical, just like the actual replacement rate.

May 2018 · Camille Landais, Tommaso Sgrizzi, Emmanuel Saez

A Macroeconomic Approach to Optimal Unemployment Insurance: Theory

This paper develops a theory of optimal unemployment insurance in matching models. It derives a sufficient-statistic formula for optimal unemployment insurance, which is useful to determine the optimal cyclicality of unemployment insurance.

May 2018 · Camille Landais, Tommaso Sgrizzi, Emmanuel Saez

Aggregate Demand, Idle Time, and Unemployment

This paper develops a model of unemployment fluctuations. The innovation is to represent the labor and product markets with a matching structure. The model simultaneously features Keynesian unemployment, classical unemployment, and frictional unemployment.

May 2015 · Tommaso Sgrizzi, Emmanuel Saez

A Theory of Countercyclical Government Multiplier

This paper develops a New Keynesian model in which the government multiplier doubles when the unemployment rate rises from 5% to 8%. The multiplier is so countercyclical because in bad times, on the labor market, job rationing dwarfs matching frictions.

January 2014 · Tommaso Sgrizzi